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ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจ

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ื”ืจืฉืžื• ืœื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืœื ื•!

ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ืœืง, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืื•ืจื”

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ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช. ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•:

ืื•ืจ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš: ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“
15/05/2024
2 ื“ืง'
ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžื™ื™ืœ
ื”ื“ืคืกืช ื“ืฃ

ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื, ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช (NREL) ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืื•ืจืช ื”-LED. ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื“"ืจ ืกืืจื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื˜, ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”-200 ืœื•ืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ืื˜, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.

ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืชืื•ืจื”:

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืžืคืชื—:

  1. ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ืช (Luminous Efficacy): ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจ ืžื•ืคืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืขืช. ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ืื˜ (lm/W). ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  2. ืžื“ื“ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืฆื‘ืข (CRI – Color Rendering Index): ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ืกืงืืœื” ื ืขื” ืž-0 ืขื“ 100, ื›ืืฉืจ 100 ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื.
  3. ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ืฆื‘ืข (Color Temperature): ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ (K) ื•ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ. ืขืจื›ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื (ื›ืžื• 2700K) ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืื•ืจ ื—ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (ื›ืžื• 6500K) ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืื ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘-NREL ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื:

  1. ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื: ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
  2. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก: ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
  3. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช: ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืชื—ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ืื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื–ืžื ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื.
  4. ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืกืคืงื˜ืจืœื™ืช: ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืง.
  5. ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื”: ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช!

ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช:

– ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 235 ืœื•ืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ืื˜ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•-210 ืœื•ืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ืื˜ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.

– ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10% ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ 10,000 ืฉืขื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื”.

– ืžื“ื“ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืฆื‘ืข (CRI) ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 90, ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.

– ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข (2700-6500K) ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืื–, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืฆื?

ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืจืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืœื“ ื•ื”ืชืื•ืจื”.

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจ ืœืจื’ืข

ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช NREL ืžืกืžืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืื•ืจืช ื”-LED. ืขื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื ืจืง ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืžืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืื•ืจื”. ืขื ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืจืžืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.

ืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช

ืื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ืื™ืš ืชืื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“?

ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“
03/01/2024

ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ืคืจื•ืค' ืจืืกืœ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•-ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืžืฆืื™ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื•ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช "ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื": ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“
19/01/2024

ืžืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื? ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช "ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื" ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช "ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ". ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืคืขืœื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืชืงื ื•ืช "ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื" ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืคื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.ย 

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืื•ืจื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช

ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“
12/06/2024

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืื•ืจื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื”. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืืจืช ื—ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• LED, ื•ื ื›ื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ืื˜, ืœื•ืžืŸ, CRI ื•ืœื•ืงืก. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื“
26/01/2024

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื. ืชืื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“